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BTEC National Health and Social Care Unit 4 - Learning Aims B3 and B4
ETHICS IN RESEARCH and RESEARCH SKILLS
Presentation and practice exam question for Learning Aim B3 - Ethical Consideration in Current Research in Health and Social Care and B4 -Research Skills in Current Research in Health and Social Care.
Specifically, these resource focuses on ethics in research and research skills.
The attached is sufficient for several lessons.
Included:
presentation for B3
presentation for B4
practice exam question for Activity 4
relevant report for the exam question
several editable worksheets
The presentation signposts pages from the textbook and revision guide if you are using these.
Unit 4 Introduction - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-introduction-12578687
A1 and A2- /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aim-a1-and-a2-12578690
B1 and B2 - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aims-b1-and-b2-12578691
B3 and B4 - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aims-b3-and-b4-12581100
C1, C2 and C3 - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aims-c1-c2-and-c3-12592630

HOW PRICES ARE DETERMINED – PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
For teaching: HOW PRICES ARE DETERMINED – PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
The lesson objectives are:
• that changes in price do not always cause equivalent changes in demand.
• the factors that affect price elasticity of demand.
• the difference between price elastic demand and price inelastic demand.
• that price elasticity of demand is measured as the percentage change in quantity demanded, divided by the percentage change in price – and be able to perform calculations from given data.
• the implications of price elasticity of demand for producers and consumers.
A note on this series of resources for Economics GCSE micro – 20 lessons in total
The resources for each lesson will comprise at least:
• A detailed PowerPoint presentation
• Worksheets for students to make revision notes
• Exam questions from past papers linked to the topic.
The resources will be more than sufficient for an entire lesson, depending on how much discussion and classroom interaction you like to have of course! They are designed to encourage student interaction. In several cases, the resources will be sufficient for more than one lesson. For instance, more complex topics will have more detailed resources.
The resources can be used for any GCSE course, but they are tailored for the AQA 8136 Economics GCSE micro spec.
The presentations pose questions and encourage discussion. Many include video clips to support the topic content, or to review/consolidate learning.
Most resources include news stories from the media, so that the theory can be contextualised in real life.
As a magpie of ideas, sometimes my resources will incorporate ideas that I have gathered over time from various sources, and which I include or adapt if I feel they are the ‘mots justes’ to get concepts across effectively.
Occasionally, presentation slides have east London specific images/text. You may choose to replace with others that are more regional to you.
The ‘worksheets’ are designed to go with the presentations and together should form useful revision notes for students.
The exam questions are from either past AQA exam papers, or past OCR exam papers for Economics GCSE.
I really hope you find my resources useful. If so, please be kind and show your appreciation by leaving a review, so that it helps me - and helps others to find quality resources.
: )
Thanks!

BTEC Tech Award Enterprise: Component 1 - 31 & 32: SWOT & PEST
Resources for two lessons.
Attached: a presentation for the SWOT lesson, and presentation for the PEST lesson.
The worksheets for the activity feature businesses close to our school, but the documents are editable so that you can change these to businesses near your own school.

COMMAND WORDS - write better coursework
This is a set of resources that I put together for my Year 12 BTEC National Health and Social Care students to help improve the quality of their writing.
The resource lists the type of command words that they will come across for Pass, Merit and Distinction coursework tasks, giving sentence starters and example extracts of each type of writing, using the Unit 5 case studies, which they should be familiar with (and a copy of which are also attached in case your students haven’t seen them yet).
There is also a presentation that can be used either before or after going through the printed resource. To be honest, I can’t take full credit for that though, because I adapted it from something I found!
In addition, there’s a document (worksheets) called ‘Chains of analysis’, to help students understand better how to produce analytical and evaluative writing for the Merit and Distinction tasks.
The printout will be useful to file in their coursework folders for repeated reference for all coursework units. I have it as an electronic file in the students’ Google Classroom too.
This is going to be one of your most useful resources throughout the course, but especially for Y12, as students transition to the demands of Level 3 coursework.

MARKET FAILURE – EXTERNALITIES
For teaching: MARKET FAILURE – EXTERNALITIES
The lesson objectives are:
• externalities as the difference between social costs/benefits and private costs/benefits.
• the difference between positive and negative externalities and identify them.
• that production and consumption can lead to negative externalities.
I do not take credit for the ‘dominoes’ cards resource, and I don’t even remember where I found it, but I’m including it here as a bonus as I like the idea of getting students up on their feet. I haven’t explicitly incorporated it into the lesson presentation, so do with it what you will.
: )
A note on this series of resources for Economics GCSE micro – 20 lessons in total:
The resources for each lesson will comprise at least:
• A detailed PowerPoint presentation
• Worksheets for students to make revision notes
• Exam questions from past papers linked to the topic.
The resources will be more than sufficient for an entire lesson, depending on how much discussion and classroom interaction you like to have of course! They are designed to encourage student interaction. In several cases, the resources will be sufficient for more than one lesson. For instance, more complex topics will have more detailed resources.
The resources can be used for any GCSE course, but they are tailored for the AQA 8136 Economics GCSE micro spec.
The presentations pose questions and encourage discussion. Many include video clips to support the topic content, or to review/consolidate learning.
Most resources include news stories from the media, so that the theory can be contextualised in real life.
As a magpie of ideas, sometimes my resources will incorporate ideas that I have gathered over time from various sources, and which I include or adapt if I feel they are the ‘mots justes’ to get concepts across effectively.
Occasionally, presentation slides have east London specific images/text. You may choose to replace with others that are more regional to you.
The ‘worksheets’ are designed to go with the presentations and together should form useful revision notes for students.
The exam questions are from either past AQA exam papers, or past OCR exam papers for Economics GCSE.
I really hope you find my resources useful. If so, please be kind and show your appreciation by leaving a review, so that it helps me - and helps others to find quality resources.
: )
Thanks!

Tech Award Enterprise 2022 -Learning Outcome A - Task 1b (all topics)
These resources are sufficient for around 3 lessons – depending on how much discussion you like to have and the ability level of your groups. They cover the topics needed for Learning Outcome A – Task 1b - for the updated 2022 Enterprise Tech Award.
The content includes:
• A4 – Motivation to become an entrepreneur
• A4 – Personal qualities of entrepreneurs
• A3 – Entrepreneurial skills
Integrated into the content is a guided practice assessment that the class can work through together.
The files in this bundle of resources include:
• three topic lessons to cover the content.
• presentations that include quizzes, videoclips and assessment criteria and opportunities to apply learning every lesson.
• several opportunities for questioning and discussion – with planned, built-in questions.
• worksheets linked to the presentation topics.
• a practice assignment with a given micro-business – explained in the associated presentation slides.
• A template for making notes for the practice assignment.
• A template for writing up Task 1b, referencing the assessment criteria.
• A large presentation that combines all others and the instructions for the practice assignment, for those who prefer to work from one document.
When you download the resources, you will find they are numbered to help you identify which worksheets go with which presentation.
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
A note on this series of resources for BTEC Tech Award – Enterprise (2022):
Firstly, thank you to everyone who purchased the resources I produced for the 2018 version of this spec – I could never have anticipated how popular they were going to be!
I have taken a slightly different approach with this set of resources for the revised 2022 spec. This time around I am grouping the resources according to the assessment criteria for the PSA, with the intention of completing a practice PSA alongside learning the content. Students will get the chance to apply their learning as they go, in a manner whereby they can be guided and supported to feel confident about tackling their real PSA later on.
If you prefer to purchase the lesson resources individually, topic-by-topic, I have uploaded each one separately and you can search for these in my shop. Purchasing them individually will work out a little more expensive though.
I really hope you find my resources useful. If so, please be kind and show your appreciation by leaving a review, so that it helps me - and helps others to find quality resources.
Learning Outcome B and C resources to follow very soon…
: )
Thanks!

BTEC National Health and Social Care Unit 4 - Learning Aims B1 and B2
Presentation and practice exam question for Learning Aim B1 - Enquiries into Current Research in Health and Social Care and B2 - Research Planning
Specifically, this resource focuses on research methodologies and research planning
The attached is sufficient for several lessons lessons.
Included:
presentation for B1
presentation for B2
practice exam question for Activity 1
relevant report for the exam question
hot tips reference sheet for Activity 1 exam questions
The presentation signposts pages from the textbook and revision guide if you are using these.
Unit 4 Introduction - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-introduction-12578687
A1 and A2- /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aim-a1-and-a2-12578690
B1 and B2 - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aims-b1-and-b2-12578691
B3 and B4 - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aims-b3-and-b4-12581100
C1, C2 and C3 - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aims-c1-c2-and-c3-12592630

BTEC National Health and Social Care Unit 4 - Learning Aim A1 and A2
Presentation and worksheets for Learning Aim A1 and A2 - Enquiries into Current Research in Health and Social Care
The attached is sufficient for several lessons.
The presentation signposts pages from the textbook and revision guide if you are using these.
Unit 4 Introduction - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-introduction-12578687
A1 and A2- /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aim-a1-and-a2-12578690
B1 and B2 - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aims-b1-and-b2-12578691
B3 and B4 - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aims-b3-and-b4-12581100
C1, C2 and C3 - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aims-c1-c2-and-c3-12592630

Tech Award Enterprise 2022 -Learning Outcome A - Task 1a (all topics)
These resources are sufficient for around 6 lessons – depending on how much discussion you like to have and the ability level of your groups. They cover the topics needed for Learning Outcome A – Task 1a - for the updated 2022 Enterprise Tech Award.
The content includes:
• A1 – Size and features of SMEs
• A2 – Sectors and business models
• A3 – Enterprise aims and activities
Integrated into the content is a guided practice assessment that the class can work through together.
The files in this bundle of resources include:
• six topic lessons to cover the content.
• presentations that include quizzes, videoclips and assessment criteria and opportunities to apply learning every lesson.
• several opportunities for questioning and discussion – with planned, built-in questions.
• worksheets linked to the presentation topics.
• a practice assignment with a given micro-business – explained in the associated presentation slides.
• A template for making notes for the practice assignment.
• A template for writing up Task 1a, referencing the assessment criteria.
• A large presentation that combines all others and the instructions for the practice assignment, for those who prefer to work from one document.
When you download the resources, you will find they are numbered to help you identify which worksheets go with which presentation.
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
A note on this series of resources for BTEC Tech Award – Enterprise (2022):
Firstly, thank you to everyone who purchased the resources I produced for the 2018 version of this spec – I could never have anticipated how popular they were going to be!
I have taken a slightly different approach with this set of resources for the revised 2022 spec. This time around I am grouping the resources according to the assessment criteria for the PSA, with the intention of completing a practice PSA alongside learning the content. Students will get the chance to apply their learning as they go, in a manner whereby they can be guided and supported to feel confident about tackling their real PSA later on.
If you prefer to purchase the lesson resources individually, topic-by-topic, I have uploaded each one separately and you can search for these in my shop. Purchasing them individually will work out more expensive though.
I really hope you find my resources useful. If so, please be kind and show your appreciation by leaving a review, so that it helps me - and helps others to find quality resources.
Learning Outcomes B and C to follow very soon…
: )
Thanks!

RESOURCE ALLOCATION – MARKETS AND ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
For teaching: RESOURCE ALLOCATION – MARKETS AND ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
The lesson objectives are:
• A market is an opportunity for buyers and sellers to interact in order to establish price.
• The role of markets in allocating scarce resources.
• The difference between factor and product markets.
A note on this series of resources for Economics GCSE micro – 20 lessons in total:
The resources for each lesson will comprise at least:
• A detailed PowerPoint presentation
• Worksheets for students to make revision notes
• Exam questions from past papers linked to the topic.
The resources will be more than sufficient for an entire lesson, depending on how much discussion and classroom interaction you like to have of course! They are designed to encourage student interaction. In several cases, the resources will be sufficient for more than one lesson. For instance, more complex topics will have more detailed resources.
The resources can be used for any GCSE course, but they are tailored for the AQA 8136 Economics GCSE micro spec.
The presentations pose questions and encourage discussion. Many include video clips to support the topic content, or to review/consolidate learning.
Most resources include news stories from the media, so that the theory can be contextualised in real life.
As a magpie of ideas, sometimes my resources will incorporate ideas that I have gathered over time from various sources, and which I include or adapt if I feel they are the ‘mots justes’ to get concepts across effectively.
Occasionally, presentation slides have east London specific images/text. You may choose to replace with others that are more regional to you.
The ‘worksheets’ are designed to go with the presentations and together should form useful revision notes for students.
The exam questions are from either past AQA exam papers, or past OCR exam papers for Economics GCSE.
I really hope you find my resources useful. If so, please be kind and show your appreciation by leaving a review, so that it helps me - and helps others to find quality resources.
: )
Thanks!

HOW PRICES ARE DETERMINED – EQUILIBRIUM PRICE
For teaching: HOW PRICES ARE DETERMINED – EQUILIBRIUM PRICE
The lesson objectives are:
• How the interaction between supply and demand determines equilibrium price using a supply and demand diagram.
• Why excess demand and excess supply can lead to changes in price.
• How to use supply and demand diagrams to understand the impact of changes in equilibrium market prices.
• How demand and supply curves can be applied to a variety of real-world markets.
• How to demonstrate revenue on a demand and supply diagram.
A note on this series of resources for Economics GCSE micro – 20 lessons in total
The resources for each lesson will comprise at least:
• A detailed PowerPoint presentation
• Worksheets for students to make revision notes
• Exam questions from past papers linked to the topic.
The resources will be more than sufficient for an entire lesson, depending on how much discussion and classroom interaction you like to have of course! They are designed to encourage student interaction. In several cases, the resources will be sufficient for more than one lesson. For instance, more complex topics will have more detailed resources.
The resources can be used for any GCSE course, but they are tailored for the AQA 8136 Economics GCSE micro spec.
The presentations pose questions and encourage discussion. Many include video clips to support the topic content, or to review/consolidate learning.
Most resources include news stories from the media, so that the theory can be contextualised in real life.
As a magpie of ideas, sometimes my resources will incorporate ideas that I have gathered over time from various sources, and which I include or adapt if I feel they are the ‘mots justes’ to get concepts across effectively.
Occasionally, presentation slides have east London specific images/text. You may choose to replace with others that are more regional to you.
The ‘worksheets’ are designed to go with the presentations and together should form useful revision notes for students.
The exam questions are from either past AQA exam papers, or past OCR exam papers for Economics GCSE.
I really hope you find my resources useful. If so, please be kind and show your appreciation by leaving a review, so that it helps me - and helps others to find quality resources.
: )
Thanks!

Tech Award Enterprise 2022 - Learning Outcome B - Task 2 (all topics)
These resources are sufficient for at least 6 lessons – depending on how much discussion you like to have and the ability level of your groups. They cover the topics needed for Learning Outcome B – Task 2 - for the updated 2022 Enterprise Tech Award.
The content includes:
• B1 – Market research methods
• B2 – Understanding customer needs
• B3 – Understanding competitor behaviour
• B4 – Suitability of market research methods
Integrated into the content is a guided practice assessment that the class can work through together.
The files in this bundle of resources include:
• five topic lessons to cover the content.
• presentations that include quizzes, videoclips and assessment criteria and opportunities to apply learning every lesson.
• several opportunities for questioning and discussion – with planned, built-in questions.
• worksheets linked to the presentation topics.
• a practice assignment with a given micro-business – explained in the associated presentation slides.
• A template for making notes for the practice assignment.
• A template for writing up Task 2, referencing the assessment criteria.
• An enormous presentation that combines all lessons and the instructions for the practice assignment, for those who prefer to work from one document.
When you download the resources, you will find they are numbered to help you identify which worksheets go with which part of the presentation.
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
A note on this series of resources for BTEC Tech Award – Enterprise (2022):
Firstly, thank you to everyone who purchased the resources I produced for the 2018 version of this spec – I could never have anticipated how popular they were going to be!
I have taken a slightly different approach with this set of resources for the revised 2022 spec. This time around I am grouping the resources according to the assessment criteria for the PSA, with the intention of completing a practice PSA alongside learning the content. Students will get the chance to apply their learning as they go, in a manner whereby they can be guided and supported to feel confident about tackling their real PSA later on.
If you prefer to purchase the lesson resources individually, topic-by-topic, I have uploaded each one separately and you can search for these in my shop. Purchasing them individually will work out slightly more expensive though.
I really hope you find my resources useful. If so, please be kind and show your appreciation by leaving a review, so that it helps me - and helps others to find quality resources.
Learning Outcome C to follow very soon…
: )
Thanks!

BTEC National Health and Social Care Unit 4 - Learning Aims C1, C2 and C3
CARRYING OUT AND REVIEWING RELEVANT SECONDARY RESEARCH INTO A CONTEMPORARY HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE ISSUE
Specifically, these resources focus on research and analysis skills needed for the actual exam (Part A) and justifying statements made in Part B.
The attached is sufficient for several lessons.
Included:
presentation for C1
presentation for C2 and C3
task sheets (questions) re, interpreting charts, validity & reliablity - I did NOT create these, but found them on my school network and am including them in case they are useful. They were a lifesaver for me the day I needed to write UCAS references!!
a couple of task documents
For reference, I am also including the mark scheme for Part B - I will have given the students a copy of this by this point.
The presentations signpost pages from the textbook and revision guide if you are using these.
Even though I haven’t included anything specific about it within these resources, I would recommend making use of the exam technique section at the end of the Unit 1 chapter of the Revision Guide - the students tend to find this really useful.
Some of the students like the Revision Workbook - personall I find it less helpful. I’d prefer to practice with a past paper. Each to their own.
Unit 4 Introduction - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-introduction-12578687
A1 and A2- /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aim-a1-and-a2-12578690
B1 and B2 - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aims-b1-and-b2-12578691
B3 and B4 - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aims-b3-and-b4-12581100
C1, C2 and C3 - /teaching-resource/btec-national-health-and-social-care-unit-4-learning-aims-c1-c2-and-c3-12592630

MARKET FAILURE – MISALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
For teaching: MARKET FAILURE – MISALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
The lesson objectives are:
• market failure as the inability of the market system to allocate resources efficiently.
• the costs associated with misallocation of resources.
• methods of government intervention to counter misallocation of resources.
This lesson uses the topic to focus on long-answer questions from Part B of the exam.
A note on this series of resources for Economics GCSE micro – 20 lessons in total:
The resources for each lesson will comprise at least:
• A detailed PowerPoint presentation
• Worksheets for students to make revision notes
• Exam questions from past papers linked to the topic.
The resources will be more than sufficient for an entire lesson, depending on how much discussion and classroom interaction you like to have of course! They are designed to encourage student interaction. In several cases, the resources will be sufficient for more than one lesson. For instance, more complex topics will have more detailed resources.
The resources can be used for any GCSE course, but they are tailored for the AQA 8136 Economics GCSE micro spec.
The presentations pose questions and encourage discussion. Many include video clips to support the topic content, or to review/consolidate learning.
Most resources include news stories from the media, so that the theory can be contextualised in real life.
As a magpie of ideas, sometimes my resources will incorporate ideas that I have gathered over time from various sources, and which I include or adapt if I feel they are the ‘mots justes’ to get concepts across effectively.
Occasionally, presentation slides have east London specific images/text. You may choose to replace with others that are more regional to you.
The ‘worksheets’ are designed to go with the presentations and together should form useful revision notes for students.
The exam questions are from either past AQA exam papers, or past OCR exam papers for Economics GCSE.
I really hope you find my resources useful. If so, please be kind and show your appreciation by leaving a review, so that it helps me - and helps others to find quality resources.
: )
Thanks!

HOW PRICES ARE DETERMINED – INTERMARKET RELATIONSHIPS
For teaching: HOW PRICES ARE DETERMINED – INTERMARKET RELATIONSHIPS
The lesson objectives are:
• The meaning of complementary and substitute goods.
• The impact of changes in demand, supply, and price in one market on other related markets.
A note on this series of resources for Economics GCSE micro – 20 lessons in total
The resources for each lesson will comprise at least:
• A detailed PowerPoint presentation
• Worksheets for students to make revision notes
• Exam questions from past papers linked to the topic.
The resources will be more than sufficient for an entire lesson, depending on how much discussion and classroom interaction you like to have of course! They are designed to encourage student interaction. In several cases, the resources will be sufficient for more than one lesson. For instance, more complex topics will have more detailed resources.
The resources can be used for any GCSE course, but they are tailored for the AQA 8136 Economics GCSE micro spec.
The presentations pose questions and encourage discussion. Many include video clips to support the topic content, or to review/consolidate learning.
Most resources include news stories from the media, so that the theory can be contextualised in real life.
As a magpie of ideas, sometimes my resources will incorporate ideas that I have gathered over time from various sources, and which I include or adapt if I feel they are the ‘mots justes’ to get concepts across effectively.
Occasionally, presentation slides have east London specific images/text. You may choose to replace with others that are more regional to you.
The ‘worksheets’ are designed to go with the presentations and together should form useful revision notes for students.
The exam questions are from either past AQA exam papers, or past OCR exam papers for Economics GCSE.
I really hope you find my resources useful. If so, please be kind and show your appreciation by leaving a review, so that it helps me - and helps others to find quality resources.
: )
Thanks!

Classification of business
A5 worksheet with wordsearch and space to write in definitions.
Use as starter/plenary/revision card.

Features of SMEs: Component 1 - Tech Award Enterprise 2022
These resources are sufficient for one lesson about features of SMEs, and designed for teaching BTEC Tech Award 2022 – Component 1.
The files include:
• A presentation to cover the content, with planned, built-in questions that provide opportunities for questioning and discussion.
• A worksheet linked to the presentation topic.
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
A note on this series of resources for BTEC Tech Award – Enterprise (2022):
Firstly, thank you to everyone who purchased the resources I produced for the 2018 version of this spec – I could never have anticipated how popular they were going to be and I’m so happy I could help so many other teachers!
I have now updated the resources to fit the changes in the 2022 spec.
In my shop you will find resources for individual topic lessons for the 2022 spec, but you will also find packages of multiple lessons – these are not TES Bundles, but they are groups of presentations and worksheets that are almost identical to the individual lessons, and grouped according to the assessment criteria for the PSA. However, they are paired with further resources/templates for completing a practice PSA alongside learning the content. With this format, students will learn the content AND apply their learning as they go, in a manner whereby they can be guided and supported to feel confident about tackling their real PSA later on.
The packages with the practice PSA tasks are much better value for money – unless all you’re looking for is a single topic lesson of course!
I really hope you continue to find my resources useful. If so, please be kind and show your appreciation by leaving a review, so that it helps me - and helps others to find quality resources.
: )
Thanks!

BTEC National Health and Social Care Unit 1 - Learning Aim C3
THE SOCIETAL EFFECTS OF AN AGEING POPULATION
Presentation and past exam questions for Learning Aim C3 - Human Lifespan Development.
These resources focus on:
C3) THE SOCIETAL EFFECTS OF AN AGEING POPULATION (inc health and social care provision for the aged, and the economic effects of an ageing population)
The attached is sufficient for at least one double lesson and most probably more.
The presentations signpost pages from the revision guide if you are using this.

Summary – Nature of Business & Ownership
Flash presentation (interactive, rather than advancing automatically). Use in class, or upload to your MLE as a reminder of the issues pupils have been addressed in their coursework.