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What are Irregular Verbs? Irregular verbs are verbs that do not follow the standard rules of conjugation in English. Unlike regular verbs, which form the past simple and past participle by adding “-ed” (e.g., walk -> walked), irregular verbs change in unique ways. Why Do We Use Irregular Verbs? Irregular verbs are deeply rooted in the English language, often because of their origins in Old English or other Germanic languages. They are commonly used, and knowing them helps speakers sound more fluent and natural. Irregular Verb Forms In English, verbs can have three main forms: Base Form: The root form of the verb (e.g., go, see, buy) Past Simple: The form used for past events (e.g., went, saw, bought) Past Participle: The form used in perfect tenses and the passive voice (e.g., gone, seen, bought) Understanding these forms is essential for forming correct sentences in past and perfect tenses. This ebook will help you and your students with that.

Creating if-then statements is a common aspect of your mother tongue, and incorporating them into your English discussions can greatly enhance your communication skills. In total, there are four conditionals that you will gradually learn to use, beginning with the most basic ones: the zero and first conditional. Take a glance at this overview to get a general understanding of how all conditionals function and when to apply them. A sentence with a condition relies on the word ‘if’. Conditional sentences consist of two parts - the first part starts with ‘if’ to depict a potential scenario, while the second part explains the result. Input: “The company experienced a significant decrease in profits due to the economic downturn.” Paraphrased: “The economic downturn led to a large decrease in profits for the company.” If it starts raining, we will become soaked. The meaning remains the same even when the two parts are switched. Check out this practical ebook guide to find out how the conditionals are form, when and how they are used, and plenty of practice for your students.

At first, passive voice might appear complex, but once you get acquainted with it, the fundamental structures stay the same. The ability to switch between passive and active voices is beneficial for intermediate to advanced English learners as it can prevent miscommunications, boost politeness, and enhance language abilities. This is a detailed explanation of the occasions where the passive voice should be used in the English language. Passive voice emphasizes the recipient of the action rather than the doer (agent) of the action. The passive voice is created by us using: The action was received by the object (by the doer of the action). Incorporating the part related to the agent (by + person who performed the action) is not mandatory and varies based on the situation. The aim of using passive voice is to highlight the action rather than the agent, therefore including information about the agent could be redundant or stating the obvious. This in-depth manual details the formation and usage of the Passive Voice, including numerous examples and practice exercises. The answer key can be located at the conclusion of the book.

Reported Speech, also known as Indirect Speech, is an important part of conversational English because it requires repeating someone else’s words. English language students need to learn and practice the Reported Speech, since it is used in various situations to convey information or repeat someone else’s words. This ebook will focus only on instances where the reporting verb is in past tense (such as said, told, etc.), necessitating a shift to past tense in the reported clause for practical reasons. For example: ‘I am going to the super market’ becomes ‘He said that he was going to the super market’. It is also possible to report someone’s words in the present without any tense change. For example: ‘He says he is going to the super market’. This ebook can help students learn how to use Reported Speech, understand its purpose, and practice through various interactive exercises. The solutions are given towards the conclusion of the book.

This is the second ebook from the highly successful Practical English Grammar series. The Present Continuous Tense is probably the most commonly used tense in English. It is used to describe an action that is happening now, at the moment of speaking, and it is therefore one of the first tenses that young students learn, as it is very easy to understand. It is also called Present Progressive. The first part of the ebook focuses on theory: the correct formation and usage of the Present Continuous tense, followed by examples. The second part of the ebook contains exercises that will help your students practise and consolidate their knowledge of the tense. Finally, there is the key to the activities, which makes the book ideal for both classroom use and self study as well. We hope that both you and your students will enjoy teaching and learning about the Present Continuous tense.

The Future Perfect is a verb tense used for actions that will be completed before some other point in the future. For example: “The parade will have ended by the time Chester gets out of bed. At eight o’ clock I will have left.” The Future Perfect tense is used for talking about an action that will be completed between now and some point in the future. On the other hand, the Future Perfect tense is only for actions that will be complete before a specified point in the future. In other words, the action you’re talking about must have a deadline. If you don’t mention a deadline, use the Simple Future tense instead of the Future Perfect tense. In this ebook, you will find detailed explanations on how to form the Future Perfect tense, when it should be used, and many exercises for your students to practice. There is also the relevant answer key at the end.

When we refer to things that will happen in the future, we often use something known as the Simple Future tense. When we talk or write about plans, expectations, schedules, and predictions, we often use the Simple Future tense. The Simple Future tense helps convey an action or state that will begin and end in the future. We use the Simple Future tense in declarative sentences to state that something is scheduled or planned. It communicates willingness and expresses an expectation, a prediction, or a guess. This highly practical ebook contains detailed explanations on how the Simple Future is formed, when to use it, and there are plenty of activities in the end for your students to practice and master it. Anwer key is also included.

When we describe an action in the Future Perfect Continuous tense, we are projecting ourselves forward in time and looking back at the duration of that activity. The activity will have begun sometime in the past, present, or in the future, and is expected to continue in the future. For example: “In November, I will have been working at my company for three years.” There are similarities and differences between the Future Continuous and the Future Perfect Continuous tense, which might cause confusion. The main difference is that we use the Future Continuous to predict the future, while we use the Future Perfect Continuous to talk about an ongoing action that will finish before another. This practical ebook will explain how the Future Perfect Continuous is formed, when it is used, and it will also provide plenty of examples and exercises. The relevant answer key is provided at the end as well.

The Future Continuous tense is a verb tense that shows an action happening over a period of time in the future. “I will be driving all night” is an example of the Future Continuous tense, as it indicates an action continuing over a specific future period of time. Compare it to this sentence, written in the Simple Future tense: “I will drive.” Although this example indicates an intention to drive in the future, it does not refer to a continuous action over a specific period of time in the future. The Future Continuous tense can be confusing because it sometimes seems interchangeable with other future tenses. This ebook sheds light to all the uses of the Future Continuous tense. It describes how it is formed, when it is used, and has ample practice for students, with plenty of exercises and examples. The relevant answer key to the activities is also included.

This is the first book of the Practical English Grammar series, on the Simple Present Tense. Understanding and using the Simple Present correctly is essential for clear and effective communication in English. The Simple Present tense is one of the most fundamental tenses in English grammar. It is primarily used to describe habitual actions, general truths, and fixed arrangements. This book contains all the uses of the Simple Present tense, along with examples. They are followed by formation rules, and also some activities. You can use these activities in your class to teach or reinforce the use of the Simple Present Tense. It is one of the most widely used tenses of the English language, and it is very easy to use and to teach. Even younger students can easily master it and use it in no time. We hope you enjoy teaching the Simple Present Tense to your students.

We use the Past Perfect Continuous tense, also referred to as the Past Perfect Progressive tense, to describe an action that started some time in the past and continued until another point in the past. In our daily lives, we frequently employ the past perfect continuous tense. However, there are instances when we use it improperly. In essence, this tense conveys the “past in the past.” You will thus learn about the composition and application of the Past Perfect Continuous tense from this page. It will make learning about it easier and more detailed. You will then be given questions to answer in order to assess your comprehension of this tense. This ebook contains all the information you need about the Past Perfect Continuous tense, including usage, formation, examples, and meaning. There are also extensive exercises and the relevant answer key in the end. We hope you enjoy teaching it to your students!

The Past Continuous Tense is essential in communicating in English. It provides clarity and depth to descriptions of past events. It establishes the background, highlights the atmosphere, and illustrates interrupted actions. This tense is also useful for describing parallel actions, and multiple events that happen simultaneously. In narratives, it establishes the background, adds nuance to storytelling, and allows speakers and writers to convey the progression and interaction of past actions with greater precision and detail. Overall, the past continuous tense enriches communication in English. This practical ebook contains all the essential information on the Past Continuous Tense. You will find details about its formation and all the various cases when it is used. Finally, there are 20 exercises, so that your students will practise and familiarize themselves with the Past Continuous Tense, and of course the relevant answer key to the activities. Enjoy teaching the Past Continuous Tense to your students!

The Present Perfect Continuous tense is a unique case and poses certain difficulties for English language learners. It is unique in the sense that it has an easy aspect and a difficult aspect. The difficult aspect is its formation. It needs the auxiliary verb ‘to have’ in its perfect form plus the main verb in its continuous form. This is too complicated for most students, and they usually struggle to get it right. On the other hand, the easy aspect is its usage. It is used in very specific situations that connect the past with the present, and almost always with specific time expressions like ‘for’ and ‘since’. Hence it is virtually impossible to mix it up with another tense. This ebook offers clear explanations about both the formation and the usage of the Present Perfect Continuous tense, along with examples. Students who master them can move on to the activities at the end of the book.

This consice ebook is about the Present Perfect tense. It is one of the tenses that cause most difficulties to English language learners, both because of its formation and because of its usage. The formation is tricky because it involves a modal verb and the past participle of the main verb. The usage is not as clearcut as other tenses in English, since it refers to an action that has started in the past, but its effects are still visible in the present. Hence, many students consider the Present Perfect tense to be a past tense and confuse it with the Simple Past tense. However, as its name suggests, the Present Perfect is a present tense. Read on to find out how this tense is formed and when it is used. At the end of the book there are some very useful practice activities to consolidate your students’ knowledge, and the relevant answer key.

This ebook provides essential information about the Past Perfect Tense, its formation and usage. We use the past perfect to talk about the past, but not just any situation in the past; we use the Past Perfect when we’re talking about two events that happened in the past and when one event happened before the other event. So it helps you to order the actions in your story. Think about the Past Perfect as helping us to create a timeline. If your students have mastered the Present Perfect tense as they should, it will be easy for them to form the Past Perfect as well. We create the Past Perfect by using the verb ‘had’ the auxiliary verb ‘had’, followed by our main verb in past participle form. Students usually confuse the Past Perfect and use the Simple Past instead. Hopefully, this ebook will help them clarify these two distinctive tenses.

This 90-minute lesson plan is designed for high school students (Grades 9–12) studying Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Using the engaging “Video SparkNotes: Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Summary” as a foundation, the lesson guides students through key plot points, characters, and major themes like responsibility, isolation, revenge, and the dangers of unchecked ambition. The session begins with a warm-up activity to activate prior knowledge, followed by a focused video viewing and guided discussion to promote critical thinking. Students then work in small groups to complete comprehension and analysis activities on a detailed worksheet. These tasks range from timeline sequencing and character analysis to exploring moral dilemmas and comparing Frankenstein’s actions to modern ethical issues in science. The lesson encourages students to reflect on who is more to blame—Frankenstein or his creation—and why that matters. By the end of the class, students will have a deeper understanding of the novel’s structure, themes, and relevance. The worksheet includes a mix of creative and academic tasks, fostering engagement and interpretation. An answer key is provided to support both guided instruction and independent review. This lesson is perfect for literature units or as part of a larger discussion on Gothic fiction, ethics, or Romantic literature.

This A1-level Sight Words ebook is designed to help Kindergarten learners and beginners in English master essential sight words through a variety of engaging and interactive activities. Sight words are high-frequency words that often do not follow regular phonetic patterns, making it important for learners to recognize them on sight. This printable worksheet includes 15 thoughtfully crafted activities that promote visual recognition, spelling accuracy, and reading fluency. Learners will practice identifying, reading, writing, and using sight words in context. Activities such as word searches, sentence building, fill-in-the-blanks, drawing, matching, and puzzles make the learning process fun and meaningful. Other tasks encourage creativity and collaboration, like making short stories and playing memory games. These varied tasks cater to different learning styles and help reinforce vocabulary retention. This resource supports individual, pair, or group work and can be used in the classroom or for homework. It is ideal for ESL teachers, primary educators, and homeschooling parents looking to build foundational reading skills. The accompanying answer key provides guidance for assessment and self-checking. With repeated exposure and interactive practice, students will gain confidence and improve their ability to read and use sight words correctly in real-life communication.

Learning to read is one of the most important milestones in a child’s education. One of the earliest and most effective strategies for teaching reading is through the use of CVC words. CVC stands for Consonant-Vowel-Consonant. These are simple three-letter words that follow a predictable pattern, making them ideal for young learners and beginner readers. CVC words help children understand how individual sounds (phonemes) come together to form words. They provide a solid foundation for phonics, blending, and decoding skills. For example, in the word “cat,” children can learn to blend the sounds /k/, /a/, and /t/ to read the whole word. This ebook is designed for early learners, ESL students, and anyone who is beginning their journey into reading and spelling. It includes 50 of the most common CVC words, each with a clear definition and example sentence. Following the word list, you will find a student worksheet with 30 fun and educational exercises that help reinforce the material. Answers are provided at the end for self-assessment or teacher use. Let the learning begin!

Make learning homophones easy and fun with this practical ebook! Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings, like pair and pear, or knight and night. Students often confuse them, but this book helps them learn the difference through clear explanations and fun activities. The ebook includes 100 common homophone pairs with definitions and example sentences. There are several exercises at the end to test understanding. They are organised in a separate printable student worksheet. All activities are simple, engaging, and classroom-ready. Teachers can use them in lessons, small group work, or for homework. An answer key is also included to save time. This resource is perfect for elementary and middle school English learners, ESL students, and anyone who needs extra practice with tricky word pairs. It supports vocabulary, spelling, reading, and writing skills. Use it again and again throughout the school year! Bring clarity and confidence to your students’ writing—download your copy today!

Football is the globe’s most favored ball sport in terms of participants and viewers. Basic in its main rules and necessary gear, the game can be played nearly anywhere, including official football fields, gyms, streets, schoolyards, parks, or beaches. Football’s regulatory organization, the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), projected that around 250 million football players and more than 1.3 billion individuals were “interested” in football at the dawn of the 21st century; in 2010, an overall television viewership exceeding 26 billion tuned in to watch football’s top event, the every-four-years monthlong World Cup finals. The figures by themselves are sufficient to persuade you that football is an excellent motivator for your students. This convenient ebook will enable you to instruct them on fundamental football vocabulary, explore various football-related idioms more thoroughly, and engage in practice exercises to reinforce that understanding. The solutions to the tasks are given at the conclusion.