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This bundle contains detailed student notes on the following topics: 2.1 Light microscopy and stains 2.2 Magnification and calibration 2.3 More microscopy 2.4 Eukaryotic cell structure 2.5 The ultrastructure of plant cells 2.6 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells comparison EXTRA: Cytoskeleton The notes are based of OCR A A-level BIOLOGY specification.

Summary notes for most important bio-molecules, atoms, anions and kations. Bonds and diagrams.

Test for reducing and non-reducing sugars- step by step Black and white- to be coloured/marked after printing.

Additional notes on Monosaccharides (a&b glucose, ribose, reactions of saccharides) Disaccharides (Sucrose, lactose, maltose) Polysaccharides (amylose&amylopectin, structure, bonds, complexity) )

A-level student notes on 3.3 Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides Amylose&Amylopectin Hydrolysis reaction Cellulose

A-level notes on lipids: Saturated vs Unsaturated Triglycerides Phospholipids Steroles Roles of lipids Testing for lipids

the process of transcription and translation explained in a student-friendly way

-Structure properties hydrolysis/condensation reactions

Proteins and Carbohydrates comparison table (A-level notes for OCR)

Key points for the importance of water molecule in biology.

-semi-conservative replication role of enzymes in replication genetic code codon table

-amino-acids -synthesis of peptides -levels of protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary with examples) breakdown of lipids

-types (structural, catalytic, signalling, immunological) globular conjugated fibrous

-nucleotides and nucleic acids -deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA, purines and pyrimidines) double helix base pairing rules ribonucleic acid (RNA, purines, pyrimidines)

-Redox -Trend in Group 2 – Alkaline Earth metals -Trend in Group 7 – Halogens -Qualitative analysis

-Ionisation energies Trends in ionisation energy down the group/across a period Periodic trends in structure and bonding Metallic bonding Graphite and graphene, dimond

Enthalpy changes Exothermic and endothermic reactions Activation energies Standard enthalpy changes of reaction, formation, combustion, neutralisation core practical worked examples

-Relative Atomic Mass (RAM) Relative Isotopic Mass (RIM) Molecular formula Empirical formula Water of crystallisation Amount of substance Ideal gas equation Percentage yield Atom economy Titrations intro Polyatomic ions Bonding and structure Shapes of molecules Exam techniques- most common qns.

physical properties bonding shape boiling point chemical reactions; reactivity; combustion and halogenation mechanism