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Course: OCR Level 3 Alternative Academic Qualification Cambridge Advanced Nationals in Applied Science. Topic Area 3: Medical Physics 3.1 - X-rays and ultrasound 3.2 -3.2 Radioactivity These PowerPoints is a whole lessons included with student activities and animated answers. Electron transitions Ground state, excited state, and ionised state The similarities and differences between the types of electromagnetic (EM) radiation, including in terms of production, penetration, uses, frequency and wavelength Know the definition of a quantum and a photon Use of the equations: Energy of a photon (J) = Planck constant (J s) × frequency (Hz) Energy of a photon (J) = Planck constant (J s) × speed of light in a vacuum (ms–1) / wavelength (m) Basic structure of an X-ray tube including: heater (cathode), anode, target metal and high voltage supply How X-rays are produced in an X-ray tube, including thermionic emission and energy transfers How tube current and voltage affects the X-ray beam Attenuation of X-rays by absorption and scattering Use of the attenuation of X-rays equation to calculate intensity Know mass attenuation coefficient Use of the mass attenuation coefficient equation. Examples of longitudinal and transverse waves including sound waves and electromagnetic waves Graphical representations of longitudinal and transverse waves Describe wave motion in terms of displacement, amplitude, wavelength, time period, frequency and wave speed. Describe the relationship between intensity and amplitude Use of the equations: Frequency Wave speed Intensity Know definition of ultrasound, including in medical contexts Reflection, and transmission of ultrasound Know that a transducer can both transmit pulses and receive reflected pulses Attenuation of ultrasound by absorption and scattering Impedance matching and coupling mediums How to interpret and use A-scans to solve problems Use of the equations: Density equation Acoustic impedance equation Intensity reflection coefficient equation The spontaneous and random nature of nuclear radioactive decay Know types of decay Properties of nuclear radiation (alpha, beta and gamma) Nuclear decay equations Know how to graphically determine the physical half-life of an isotope Biological, physical and effective half-lives Use of the activity equation Use of the equations to determine N/N0/A/A0 Use of the effective half-life equation Irradiation and contamination Physiological effects of radiation Mechanism of direct and indirect ionisation of biological molecules Absorbed and effective dose Ionisation and half-equations Know the definition of radiopharmaceuticals Use of radionuclides in sterilisation, cancer treatments and medical tracers How to select a radionuclide for an appropriate use