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physical properties bonding E/Z stereoisomerism boiling point chemical reactions reactivity electrophillic addition mechanism hydrogenation mechanism halogenation mechanism hydrogen-halide mechanism hydration mechanism polymerisation reactions uses of polymers recycling of polymers

physical properties bonding boiling point and solubility classification into primary, tertiary and secondary chemical reactions (combustion, oxidation, dehydration, substitution) EXTRA: Exam style questions

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Boiling point and solubility: CHEMICAL REACTIONS: Preparation of haloalkanes Alkane + halogen under UV light Alkene + Hydrogen Halide (addition) Alcohol + Sodium Halide and H2SO4 (substitution) Hydrolysis MEASURING THE RATE OF HYDROLISIS

20.1 Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases 20.2 pH scale 20.3 dissociation constant Ka 20.4 pH of weak acids 20.5 pH EXTRA: Ka expressions

Lattice enthalpy Born-Haber energy cycles Electron affinities Enthalpy changes worked examples Factors affecting lattice enthalpy (size and charge) Factors affecting hydration (size and charge) Predicting solubility Enthropy predicting changes Gibb’s free energy conditions for feasibility

key definitions pi and sigma bonds kekule vs delocalised models evidence that disproved of Kekule’s model naming aromatic compounds nitration of benzene mechanism halogenation of benzene mechanism alkylation of benzene mechanism acylation of benzene mechanism phenol and benzene Reactions based on acidity of phenol directing groups EXTRA: solved exam style questions