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The British nationality Act of 1948 gave citizens of the UK and Colonies status and the right of settlement in the UK. This resulted that between 1948=1970 nearly half a million people moved form the Caribbean to Britain which faced sever labour shortages after WW11. These immigrants were later referred to as the Windrush generation. because many of them had come to the UK on the ship called HMT Empire Windrush. The only official records of many ‘windrush’ immigrants when they had originally come to the UK were the landing cards which were collected when they disembarked from ships in UK ports. Over subsequent decades these cards were routinely used by British immigration officials to verify dates of arrival for borderline immigration cases. Any one from the Commonwealth, who arrived before 1973 was granted an automatic right to remain, unless they left for more than 2 years. For the next 40 years anyone in that category were never given or asked to provide documentary evidence of their right to remain. In 2009 landing cards were earmarked, by the Labour government , for destruction, as part of a broader clean up of paper records. It was implemented in 2010 by the incoming coalition government. Whistleblowers and retired immigration officers warned managers there would be a problem- these cards were the only record of their arrival. Theresa May was Home Secretary when the hostile environment policy was introduced in October 2012. The idea was to reduce UK immigration figures promised in the 2010 Conservative Manifesto. (See hostile environment policy) In 2018 we had the Windrush scandal. People were wrongly detained, denied legal rights,lost jobs or homes, passports confiscated, denied medical care, threatened with deportation. At least 83 cases cases were wrongly deported -many of those affected had been born British subjects and had arrive in the UK before 1973. These were part of the 'Windrush generation. Since then a hardship scheme has been set up by the Home Office Those classified as illegal immigrants were to be compensated scheme. Very little of the £200 -£570 million set aside has been paid up -just £46,795 ( See Hardship scheme) On 19th March 2020 the Windrush Lessons Learned Review concluded that the Home Office showed an inexcusable ’ ignorance and thoughtlessnes’ and what had happened had been ’ foreseeable and avoidable’. (See W L L Review) November 2020 the Equality and Human Rights Commission said the Home Office had broken the law by failing to obey public-sector equality duties by not considering how the policies affected black members of the Windrush generation. Dexter Bristol and Paulette Wilson are 2 examples of how the ‘Windrush generation’ were seriously let down.

John Herschel Glenn Jr. (18th July 1821-8th December 2016) was the first American to orbit the earth . He orbited the earth 3 times. He named his spacecraft ‘Friendship 7’ it happened on the 20th February because there had been 10 postponements because of bad weather or technical problems. During the flight a warning light came on to say that the capsule’s vital heat shield was loose but entry and splashdown went smoothly. He went on to become a democratic US Senator for Ohio (1974-1998). Aged 77 he flew into space again.

I have only changed the title. TES might have thought it was the same as first set and canceled the first set! Kept to same formula - picture plus brief notes. Arthur Wharton (1865-1930) is widely considered to be the first professional footballer, from a mixed-heritage, in the world. Christian Frederick Cole (1852-1885) was the first black graduate of the University of Oxford and also the first African barrister to practice in the English Courts. He was the grandson of a slave and the adopted son of the Rev. James Cole of Waterloo. Clive Sullivan (1943-1985) was an international rugby league player. He played for Hull F.C., Hull Kingston Rovers, Oldham and Doncaster. He was the first black captain for Great Britain in any sport. He led the Great Britain team in 1972 when they won the Rugby League World Cup. Emma Clarke (1876-1905), born in Bootle, Liverpool, was a British footballer and is considered to be the first known black women’s footballer in Britain. Her sister, Jane, also played football. Evelyn Mary Dove (1902-1987) was a British singer and actress. Her father, Francis (Frans) Dove was a leading Sierra Leonean barrister. Her mother was Augusta Winchester a white English woman. Evelyn was the first black singer on BBC Radio. Harry Edwards (1898-1973) Father was Guyanese and his mother German. He was a prisoner of war (POW) in WW1, in Germany. Following the war he immigrated to Great Britain. He became a British runner who competed in the 100 and 200 metres in the 1920 Summer Olympic Games in Antwerp. He won Olympic bronze medals in both events, becoming Britain’s first black Olympic medalist. In the 200 metres final he injured himself so he withdrew from the 4 x100 relay. He later moved to New York City. James Peters (1879-1954) is another rugby player. he was known as ‘Darkie Peters’. He played both union and league. he is notable for being the first black man to play rugby union for England. His father George Peters was Jamaican, his mother was Hannah Gough from Wem in Shropshire. His father was mauled to death in a training cage for lions. In 1910 lost 3 fingers in a dockland accident but continued to play. Lilian Bader (1917-2015) was born in Liverpool. Her father was Barbadian and her mother Irish. In 1939 she worked briefly in the Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes (NAAFI) but was forced to leave because she was black. In 1941 she volunteered to join the WAAF to train as an Instrumental Repairer. She passed her course ‘First class’ and became one of the first women in the air force to qualify in that trade.She gained promotion to Acting Corporal. Wilfred Denniston Wood (b.1936) became the first black Anglican bishop - Bishop of Croydon (1985-2002). Winifred Atwell (1910-1983) was a Trinidadian pianist who enjoyed great popularity in Britain and Australia. She was the first black person to have a No.! hit in the UK Single charts. She is still the only female instrumentalist to do so.

Wangari Muta Maathai was a Kenyan social, environmental and political activist and the first African woman to win the Nobel prize. In 1977 she founded the Green Belt Movement = an environmental no=governmental organization focused on the planting of trees, environmental conservation and women’s rights. The statement announcing her as winner of the Nobel Peace Prize by the Norwegian Nobel committee said Maatha stands at the front of the fight to promote ecologically viable social economic and cultural development in Kenya and Africa. She has taken a holistic approach to sustainable development that embraces democracy, human rights and women’s rights in particular. Shae thinks globally and acts locally. Sources Remembering Remarkable Firsts During Black History Month Wikipedia

Harriet Jacobs was convinced, by friends, to write an autobiography of her life as a slave. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl(1861) was the book and it is one of the first open discussions about the sexual harassment and abuse endured by a slave woman - a topic that even made abolitionists feel uncomfortable. The story tells of how, eventually after many years as a slave, Harriet was able to escape the continual sexual harassment of her slave owner and become a free woman. In her autobiography Harriet’s says her childhood was a happy one. Though we were slaves, I was fondly shielded that I never dreamed that I was a piece of merchandise. But on the death of her benevolent mistress, when she was 12, everything changed. Her ownership transfered to her mistress’s niece who was only 3 years old. Harriet’s actual new master was the niece’s father - Dr James Norcom. He would cause her a great deal of pain. When she was 15 Norcom began his relentless efforts to bend the slave girl’s will. He would whisper ‘foul words’ in her ear. His wife became suspicious so he built Harriet a cottage 4 miles from town. She asked if she could marry a free black man, Norcom violently refused. She had a plan. She became friendly with a caring white, unmarried lawyer. They had a child, She expected the infuriated Norcom to sell her and her child.- he didn’t. She bore the lawyer a second child. She heard Norcom was preparing to get the children to work as plantation slaves. In June 1835, after 7 rears of mistreatment, she ’ escaped’ and stayed with neighbours, black and white. The lawyer had bought her grandmother and uncle’s house. She found a tiny crawl space above the porch just big enough to hid in (9x7x3 feet). This tiny hiding place is where she stayed for the next 7 years- she could see her children through a peep hole. At night she would briefly exercise. In 1842 she escaped to freedom. She sailed to Philadelphia and then to New York by train. She was reunited with her children Joseph and Louisa Matilda and eventually her brother, John J. Jacobs… She fled to Massachusetts to again escape from Norcom. She found work as a nanny for the Children of Nathaniel Parker Willis. Harriet eventually became legally free when Mrs Willis, arranged her purchase. She made contact with abolitionists and feminist reformers. She was actively involved with the abolition movement before the launch of the Civil War. During the war she helped raise money for black refugees. After the war she worked to improve the conditions of th e recently freed slaves. She went with her daughter to the Union occupied parts of the South to help organize and found 2 schools for fugitives and freed slaves. She died in 7th March 1897, aged 84, a free woman. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl is now considered an ‘American classic’ Sources Africans in America Amazon National Archives Penquin Classics

Olaudah Equiano, known for most of his life as Gustavus Vassa, He was probably born in the Eboe region of the kingdom of Benin province, in the area that is now southern Nigeria. ( He twice listed his birthplace in the Americas) Most of what he wrote in his book The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa (published in 1789)can be verified. ( See Amazon notes) As a child he was kidnapped with his sister, aged about 11, and sold to local slave traders and shipped across the Atlantic to Barbados and then Virginia. In Virginia he was sold to a Royal Naval officer, Lieutenant Michael Pascal. Pascal renamed him Gustavus Vassa - the name of a 16th century Swedish king ( he had already been called Michael and Jacob). He travelled the oceans with Pascal for 8 years. In his book he give eye witness accounts of the Seven Years War with France. Pascal favoured him by sending him to his sister-in-law so that he could attend school and learn to read and write. Olaudah was converted to Christianity and was baptised at St. Margaret’s Westminster on 9th February, 1759 Pascal then sold him to Captain James Doran of the Charming Sally at gravesend, from where he was transported to the Caribbean. Doran sent him to Montserrat where he was sold to Robert King, a prominent American Quaker merchant from Philadelphia who traded in the Caribbean. He worked as a deckhand, barber and valet for King. He earned enough money over 3 years, by trading on the side, to buy his freedom. He then spent the next 20 years travelling the world. He made trips to Turkey and the Arctic. He took care not to be captured and sold again as a slave. In 1786 he came to London, He became involved in the movement to abolish slavery and joined the Sons of Africa - a group of 12 black African men. (See notes) In 1789 he published his book. which depicted the horrors of slavery. he spent many months speaking in public about his life. It went through 9 editions in his lifetime and helped gain passage of the British Slave Trade Act of 1807 On 7th April 1792 he married Susannah Cullen, an English woman. They married in Soham, Cambridge and settled there. They had 2 daughters -Anna Maria and Joanna Susannah died in February 1796 Olaudah Equiano aged 52, died on 31st March 1797 just over a year later. The register reads Gustus Vasa, 52 years, St Mary Le Bone He was buried at Whitefield’s Tabernacle on 6th April. (burial place now lost). Anna Maria died in 1797 aged just 4 Joanna went on to marry Revd. Henry Bromley Amazon Timelines from Black History BBC History

Sojourner Truth was born Isabella Bomfree. She was a slave, born in 1797 in Dutch speaking Ulster County, New York. She was bought and sold 4 times. In her teens (1815) she was united with another slave and they had 5 children. In 1827, the year before New York’s law freeing slaves was to take effect, she ran away with her infant Sophia. She ran to the nearby abolitionist family, the Van Wageners. For $20 they bought her freedom. In 1928 she began to work for a local minister. By the early 1830s she was participating in the religious revivals that were sweeping the state and she became a charismatic speaker and itinerant preacher. In 1943 she declared the Spirit called on her to preach the truth- renaming herself Sojourner Truth. Abolitionists, William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass, encouraged her to give speeches about the evils of slavery. She never learned to read or write. In 1950 she dictated her autobiography The narrative of Sojourner Truth to Oliver Gilbert, who also helped publish the book. The book brought her national recognition and she survived on the sales of the book. She met women’s rights activists,including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, plus temperance advocates, and quickly championed both causes. In 1851 she delivered her famous Ain’t I a Woman speech at the women’s conference on Akron, Ohio. She challenged the prevailing notions of racial and gender inferiority and inequality by reminding her listeners of her combined strength - she was nearly 6 feet tall and had female status. ( See Speech) She eventually split from Douglass because he believed enslaved men should should come before women’s suffrage. She believed they should occur simultaneously. In the 1950s she moved to Battle Creek where 3 of her daughters lived. She continued to speak nationally and to help slaves escape to freedom. During the Civil War she encouraged young men to join the Union cause and organized supplies for black troops. After the war, in 1864, she was invited to the White House by President Abraham Lincoln and became involved with the Freedmen’s Bureau - helping freed slaves find work and build new lives. In the mid 1860s a street conductor violently tried to block her from riding. In court she won her case. In the late 1860’s she collected 1000s of signatures on a petition to provide former slave with land - Congress never took action. In her final years she became nearly blind and deaf. She spent her final years in Michigan and died in 1883. Sources National Women’s History Museum Ain’t I a Woman transcript

Looking for information about Desmond Tutu I found a list of Champions of Human Rights - 9 champions with a picture of each and some basic information about them which I thought could be useful for Key Stage 2/3 work. These sheets were created under Youth for Human Rights. There are Free resource kits available in many languages. Mahatma Gandhi Cesar Chavez Eleanor Roosevelt Nelson Mandela Dr. Martin Luther King (See separate entry) Desmond Tutu Oscar Arias Sanchez Muhammad Yunus Jose Ramos-Horta I have added Father Trevor Huddlestone (See separate entry) Plus information about anti-apartheid in South Africa

Chief Kofoworola Abeni Pratt Hon. FRCN was a Nigerian born nurse and was the first black nurse to work in Britain’s National health Service. She went on to become vice-president of the International Council of Nurses and the first black Chief Nursing Officer of Nigeria, working in the Federal Ministry of Health. Kofoworola was educated at Lagos CMS Girls’ Grammar school. She wanted to become a nurse but her father discouraged her so she trained as a teacher. For 4 years she taught at CMS girls’ school. She married Nigerian pharmacist Dr. Olu Prat and they came to the UK in 1946. She studied nursing at the Nightingale School at St. Thomas’ Hospital. She passed her preliminary exams in 1948, her finals in 1949 and qualified as a State registered nurse in 1950. She was the first black nurse to work for the NHS. After 4 years she returned to Nigeria. She applied for the post of ward sister but at the time only British expatriates allowed to hold role. 1955-7- admin .sister. 1955-63 deputy matron In 1960 Nigeria became independent. Kofoworola 's star began to shine! She led in the Nigerianisation of nursing in her country. She was appointed Matron of the University Hospital in Ibadan 1964/5 - the first Nigerian to do so. 1965-72 chief nursing officer (federal) 1965 she was founder of a nursing school at the University of Ibadan leader of the Professional Association of Trained Nurses in Nigeria co-edited the journal Nigerian Nurse. 1971 she became President of National Council of Women’s Societies in Nigeria. 1973-5 commissioner for Health, Lagos State 1973 she was awarded the Florence Nightingale Medal by the International Committee of the Red Cross. 1975 she was awarded the chieftaincy title * Iya Ile Agbo of Isheri * f or services to the nation. 1979 Kofoworola was made an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Nursing. 1981 awarded an honorary degree from the University of Ife. Twice in her life time we are aware she was discriminated against because of her colour. The first time was when she worked at St, Thomas’. The second , although fully qualified, in Ibadan from becoming a matron earlier in her career. Kofoworola died on 18th June 1992 Kofoworola has not yet been honoured in Britain in association with Florence Nightingale. She is linked to Nightingale for inspiration, the Nightingale School where she trained , and the Nightingale Fund which gave her a scholarship. Nor must it be forgotten Kofoworola was the first black nurse to work for the NHS. Sources used Florence Nightingale Museum London Mary Seacole Information The Nightingale Society wikipedia

With Florence Nightingale hospitals being created in a number of locations I have enclosed some information about the Florence Nightingale Museum. The museum is obviously closed at the present time but on their web site there is information about Florence.

If, at this present time, anyone is trying to write a project about female doctors and nurses I have found a few useful web sites I tried to make a simple phrase and vocabulary list for coronavirus.

I started to look at the life of Guy S, Garner. I found a lot about information about him as an astronaut but not very much about what happened after he left the United States Air Force except to say as a veteran astronaut he speaks in churches on the reality of God. I decided to broadened my research. 17 of the NASA astronauts were committed Christians (see list). Four died during the Columbus Shuttle disaster. Frank Borman, commander of the first space crew to travel beyond the Earth’s orbit, quoted Genesis 1 * In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. * I had idea no idea that Buzz Aldrin, on landing Apollo II on the moon, celebrated the landing by having communion with Neil Armstrong on the surface of the moon. Charles Duke, another moon ‘lander’, became a missionary. * I make speeches about walking ON the moon and walking WITH the Son of God.* Read Guy Gardner’s thoughts (See information from* Ambassadors for Christ). Guy went on to become first of all a teacher and eventually became President of the Williamson College of the Trades who also did a lot of voluntary work for the church. Sources wikidedia, Astronauts who found God, God,the Bible and the space Race

I have put together a number of Phrase/Vocabulary and Poetry Aid sheets about travelling by sea. I have included hydro foils,hovercrafts, yachts and even submarines. There are clip art sheets for most of the headings. Sea Rescue has also been included. The simple crossword/word search sheets have the SAME answers. Added general Rescue Vocabulary sheet

Two information sheets about travelling by rail -Train journey to London and Travel using the Channel Tunnel. There is also a short crossword/ word search (answers supplied). Clip art sheet for ‘best’ copy Added general Rescue vocabulary sheet.

I have put together a number of phrase/vocabulary sheets plus some Poetry Aids about sport. I have tried to divide up winter and summer sports. Some sports of course are played throughout the year. I have added, at the end, a exam type sheet about trainers -sample answer included.

I have put together some phrase/vocabulary sheets about cars and big wheelers. Plus phrase/vocabulary sheets and answer examples for eyewitness and car accident (former SATS type questions). There are some clip art sheets for ‘best’ copy. There is also a crossword/word search sheet with answers There are four colour sheets showing cars and lorries.

In 1967 Donald Campbell died tried to set a new world record for water speed. In 2018 the restored Bluebird began trials Quicksilver is also trying to break the World Speed Record. I have included the list of World Speed Records There is also a word search with the names names of the drivers, boats and the waters where the records were attempted

I have created a phrase and vocabulary sheet so pupils can try and imagine they are driving at speeds approaching 1000 mph. I have included pictures of the fastest jet propelled ‘cars’ in the world. There is also a word search which looks at the drivers, names of the cars and where the records were attempted by British drivers - answer sheet provided.

The name of Swithun is best known today for a British weather lore proverb, which says that it rains on St. Swithun’s day, 15th July, it will rain for forty days. Saint Swithun ,c800 - C861/3 AD, was buried outside the Cathedral. It was his wish that men might walk over his grave and raindrops from the eaves drop upon it. Over a hundred years later they decided to place his remains inside a new basilica in Winchester Cathedral. The day they tried to transfer his body into a new basilica was 15th July 971. It rained and according to the proverb it did for the next forty days. His remains were eventually placed in the new basilica inside.

Just put this material together to help children write /discuss what happened in Thailand in the last fortnight. Lets hope the rescue is a complete success.