OCR AAQ in Applied Science: P3: Medical Physics

Course: OCR Level 3 Alternative Academic Qualification Cambridge Advanced Nationals in Applied Science. Topic Area 3: Medical Physics * 3.1 - X-rays and ultrasound * 3.2 -3.2 Radioactivity These PowerPoints is a whole lessons included with student activities and animated answers. * Electron transitions * Ground state, excited state, and ionised state * The similarities and differences between the types of electromagnetic (EM) radiation, including in terms of production, penetration, uses, frequency and wavelength * Know the definition of a quantum and a photon * Use of the equations: * Energy of a photon (J) = Planck constant (J s) 脳 frequency (Hz) * Energy of a photon (J) = Planck constant (J s) 脳 speed of light in a vacuum (ms鈥�1) / wavelength (m) * Basic structure of an X-ray tube including: heater (cathode), anode, target metal and high voltage supply * How X-rays are produced in an X-ray tube, including thermionic emission and energy transfers * How tube current and voltage affects the X-ray beam * Attenuation of X-rays by absorption and scattering * Use of the attenuation of X-rays equation to calculate intensity * Know mass attenuation coefficient * Use of the mass attenuation coefficient equation. * Examples of longitudinal and transverse waves including sound waves and electromagnetic waves * Graphical representations of longitudinal and transverse waves * Describe wave motion in terms of displacement, amplitude, wavelength, time period, frequency and wave speed. * Describe the relationship between intensity and amplitude * Use of the equations: * Frequency * Wave speed * Intensity * Know definition of ultrasound, including in medical contexts * Reflection, and transmission of ultrasound * Know that a transducer can both transmit pulses and receive reflected pulses * Attenuation of ultrasound by absorption and scattering * Impedance matching and coupling mediums * How to interpret and use A-scans to solve problems * Use of the equations: * Density equation * Acoustic impedance equation * Intensity reflection coefficient equation * The spontaneous and random nature of nuclear radioactive decay * Know types of decay * Properties of nuclear radiation (alpha, beta and gamma) * Nuclear decay equations * Know how to graphically determine the physical half-life of an isotope * Biological, physical and effective half-lives * Use of the activity equation * Use of the equations to determine N/N0/A/A0 * Use of the effective half-life equation * Irradiation and contamination * Physiological effects of radiation * Mechanism of direct and indirect ionisation of biological molecules * Absorbed and effective dose * Ionisation and half-equations * Know the definition of radiopharmaceuticals * Use of radionuclides in sterilisation, cancer treatments and medical tracers * How to select a radionuclide for an appropriate use