
This lesson explores how the British Empire shaped the world through trade and war. It begins with a visual source analysis of the painting “The East Offering its Riches to Britannia”, encouraging students to interpret imperial imagery. The lesson introduces key vocabulary and revisits prior learning on colonial resistance and independence. Students then examine the significance of trade and war using the BIG criteria (Breakthrough, Impact, Groundbreaking). They analyse four case studies for each theme, rating their historical significance. Trade examples include the Atlantic slave trade, Indian cotton, Chinese tea, and West African palm oil. War examples include the Opium Wars, the Indian Rebellion, global militarisation, and conflict in Ireland. Students participate in a movement-based debate, complete a group Venn diagram comparing trade and war, and write a structured PEEL paragraph to argue which had the greatest impact. The lesson ends with a visual recall exit task.
This lesson is excellent because it combines visual literacy, historical thinking, active learning, and structured writing. It encourages debate, comparison, and critical evaluation of empire, making it ideal for engaging Key Stage 3 or early Key Stage 4 learners. Tasks are varied, accessible, and designed to build both knowledge and analytical skills.
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