51ºÚÁÏ

Last updated

11 July 2025

docx, 881.41 KB
docx, 881.41 KB
docx, 39.03 KB
docx, 39.03 KB
pptx, 4.65 MB
pptx, 4.65 MB

Workbook and Powerpoint covering 2.4.2 Transport issues in cities. Enquiry question: Why has transport become a
key issue in many cities and how can it be best managed?

• Industrialisation, economic development and rising affluence have led to rapid increases in motor vehicle numbers in cities
(motorbikes, cars, goods vehicles).
• Urban air pollution (particulate matter, low level ozone, NOx) levels are partly explained by increases in transport pollution
as well as physical factors and other sources (domestic, industrial).
• Traffic congestion has implications for urban economic development and human wellbeing (stress, pollution exposure,
length of the working day).
• Air pollution levels are considered unsafe (WHO standards) in some cities with implications for human health, especially for
some groups (old, young people).
• Major infrastructure projects may reduce urban transport problems (light rail, metro, major road developments) but these have costs and benefits.
• Planning solutions also attempt to reduce car use and/or emissions (congestion charging, pedestrianisation, park and
ride, no-drive days, road pricing) with mixed success.

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