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How do atomic orbitals overlap to form covalent bonds? What is a covalent bond? What evidence is there that covalent bonds exist? What is the relationship between bond length and bond strength? All this and more covered in this comprehensive lesson with questions and answers! This is a Year 12 A level lesson for Edexcel International Unit 1 – WCH11, but it can also be used for all UK exam boards. All the slides in this lesson are fully animated and include answers to every mini plenary question and exam question. The breakdown of the slides (which are best opened on Microsoft PowerPoint) is as follows:

Slide 1 - Title and 5-minute starter. The starter is a grid of four questions entitled ‘last week, last lesson, today’s learning and future learning’. Use this generic slide for all of your lessons by simply changing the questions and the answers each time.
Slide 2 - Lesson objectives (see thumbnail image)
Slide 3 – Definition of covalent bond (word fill for the students)
Slide 4 – Electron density evidence for the existence of covalent bonds
Slides 5 – 12: Formation of sigma and pi bonds with detailed explanations
Slide 13: – learning pit-stop to check students’ learning. A series of questions of increasing difficulty, with the stretch and challenge (S+C) being the hardest. Answers animate onto the screen when you click
Slides 14 – 18: Discussion of bond strength and bond length, with full explanation of the relationship between the two
Slides 19 – 21: Drawing dot-and-cross diagrams of discrete molecules
Slides 22 – 28: Dative covalent bonding, with definition and important examples for the specification (ammonium, hydronium and aluminium chloride, Al2Cl6)
Slides 29 – 33: Exam questions with mark scheme answers (included with the purchase of this resource)

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