51ºÚÁÏ

One retrieval grid per specification point
Water and carbon cycles as natural systems
The water cycle
The carbon cycle
Water, carbon, climate and life on Earth
Quantitative and qualitative skills (Water and Carbon)
Case study: Tropical Rainforest (Water and Carbon)
Case study: River Catchment
Deserts as natural systems
Desert systems and processes
Arid landscape development in contrasting settings
Desertification
Quantitative and qualitative skills (Deserts)
Case study: Hot desert environment
Case study: Desertification landscape
Coasts as natural systems
Coastal systems and processes
Coastal landscape development
Coastal management
Quantitative and qualitative skills (Coasts)
Case study: Local coastal environment
Case study: Contrasting coastal environment beyond the UK
Glaciers as natural systems
The nature and distribution of cold environments
Glacial systems and processes
Glaciated landscape development
Human impacts on cold environments
Quantitative and qualitative skills (Glaciers)
Case study: Local glaciated environment
Case study: Contrasting glaciated landscape beyond the UK
The concept of hazard in a geographical context
Plate tectonics
Volcanic hazards
Seismic hazards
Storm hazards
Fires in nature
Case studies: Hazardous settings
Ecosystems and sustainability
Ecosystems and processes
Biomes
Ecosystems in the British Isles over time
Marine ecosystems
Local ecosystems
Case studies: Ecosystems under stress
Globalisation
Global systems
International trade and access to markets
Global governance
The ‘global commons’
Antarctica as a global common
Globalisation critique
The nature and importance of places
Changing places – relationships, connections, meaning and representation
Quantitative and qualitative skills (Changing Places)
Place studies
Urbanisation
Urban forms
Social and economic issues
Urban climate
Urban drainage
Urban waste and its disposal
Other urban environmental issues
Sustainable urban development
Case studies: Urban areas
Introduction
Environment and population
Environment, health and well-being
Population change
Population ecology and human populations
Global population futures
Case studies: Population and environment
Resource development
Natural resource issues
Water security
Energy security
Mineral security
Resource futures
Case studies: Resource security
Fieldwork requirements
Investigation requirements
Investigation independence
Investigation structure and expectations
Marking criteria (Level 4 expectations)